Communitarianism and Critic of Individualism and Liberal State’s Neutrality
Mohammad
Abolfathi
Assistant Professor, Political Sciences, Razi University
author
Mokhtar
Noori
M.A, Political Sciences, Razi University
author
text
article
2012
per
Communitarianism is one of the most important critics of political liberalism. Communitarianism has raised a number of questions, especially about individualism and state’s neutrality in political and social issues. Therefore, this article tries briefly to study this approach. The findings show that communitarianism, unlike liberal individualism, requires state’s interference in political and social issues.
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
1
13
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_689_4a4b0a88ce095898f41e17b2edf5cce2.pdf
A new Return on Skepticism in Western Epistemology
Jalal
Paykani
Associate Professor, Theology Department, Payame Noor University
author
text
article
2012
per
In history of philosophy, the problem of our knowledge about external world is one of considerable topics and the most important version of that is found in René Descartes. In recent decades, a new approach called Externalism have emerged that seems can respond to this problem especially Process Confidentialism approach. In present article, it have been shown that this theory because of almost tolerable standards and avoidance of strict Cartesian requirements introduce an almost new perspective.
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
15
34
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_690_fbd2a582c9164f1f8b3b921ef8b8da86.pdf
Extensive Alienation:An Analysis of the Threats of John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism on the Agent’s ‘Integrity’ and ‘Autonomy’
Shirzad
Peik-Herfeh
عضو هیئت علمی گروه فلسفه دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره)
author
text
article
2012
per
The main aim of this paper is to describe and analyze one of the most significant criticisms of classical utilitarianism in the Anglo-Saxon philosophical tradition. This criticism, called the “integrity criticism,” was put forward by Bernard Williams in 1973 and, along with the so-called “justice criticism” which was put forward by John Rawls in 1971, is counted as the most significant criticism of classical utilitarianism. It argues that utilitarianism threatens the agent’s “integrity” and “autonomy,” and brings extensive “alienation” from her considered moral judgments and friendly and lovely relationships. This paper describes Bernard William’s criticism of classical utilitarianism and its various guises. Then, using Roger Crisp’s, Julia Driver’s, and Timothy Chappell’s interpretations, it analyzes it from various perspectives. Analyzing the “integrity criticism” in its various guises enriches our understanding of “utilitarianism” and helps us to find out how and why its different forms have been put forward.
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
35
56
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_691_348b2ecac8b3d91ebdefb03ed2cfb96b.pdf
Kant and Tractatus according to David Pears
Mahdi
Hoseinzadeh Yazdi
دانشجوی دکتری فلسفۀ غرب، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
Ali Akbar
Ahmadi Afranjami
استادیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2012
per
Wittgenstein practices a critique of language, in a broad Kantian sense. In the middle of the Tractatus Wittgenstein writs whit Kantian ring: All philosophy is critique of language. There is a fairly long tradition of reading that finds the Tractatus basically Kantian.
Considering the importance of this reading in relation to the Tractatus, this article attempts to explain and analyze this reading according to David Pears. Pears believes that the simplest general characterization of Wittgenstein’s earlier philosophy is that it is critical in the Kantian sense of that word. Kant offered a critique of thought and Wittgenstein offers a critique of the expression of thought in language.
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
57
74
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_692_264cb67986c67ce91900f2b19640a290.pdf
Religious Fundamental Movements
Saeed
Zahed Zahedani
دکترای جامعهشناسی، دانشیار گروه جامعهشناسی و برنامهریزی اجتماعی دانشگاه شیراز
author
Ehsan
Hamidizadeh
دانشجوی دکتری جامعهشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز
author
text
article
2012
per
In this paper we argue about religious fundamentalism as a social movement. We use a particular theory to explore different aspects of these movements. To use Castell’s theory could be suitable to analyze this kind of movement. Then to explain fundamentalism we use Zahed practical - theoretical model in social movements. This model is applied to three fundamentalist movements in Christianity, Islam and Judaism (Christian Zionism, Al Ghedeh and Gush Emunim). Finally we find some similar points among them. Such as: fundamentalism as global phenomena, similar reactions to secularism and …
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
75
105
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_693_ad1e8cbcf47a8c872424cd2335191694.pdf
Recognition of Foucault’s Concept of Power
Hersh
Qaderzade
کارشناس ارشد جامعهشناسی
author
Hadi
Noori
استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه گیلان
author
Abbas
naeimi
دانشجوی دکتری جامعهشناسی سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات
author
text
article
2012
per
The main objective of this paper looks at the Michel Foucault’s view about power and nature. Heidegger, Freud, Marx and Nietzsche in particular had a major impact on him. His own alternative methodological approaches in paleontology and genealogy, and with concepts of knowledge and understanding or the concept of discourse, had a very great impact on most areas of the range of thought and thinkers of his era. The main problem in genealogy is that how people by getting involved in network of power relations and knowledge, is formed as subject and object and paleontological method is either an historical analysis of systems of thought or speech. He believes that the power is not an exclusive or unilateral thing for a person, group or class. Foucault thinks that the power is not only in the hands of rulers and in their personal possession, but also is a relationship and network which distributes like nerves system in the society. The power has a software nature and it is not tangible and visible. Foucault believes that power is not necessarily apply violent means, but a lecture, cassettes, books, ideas and ... can be sources of power. Reaching of this manifestations view of power in society which distributed at all levels of society, has an extraordinary power which no army dare not deal with it.
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
107
127
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_694_a3ae7da4981ba6af7ceec5e82069a9c5.pdf
Historical Periods and the Philosophy of Islamic Civilization and Its Relationship with the History of Western Civilization
Mousa
Najafi
دانشیار پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
author
text
article
2012
per
Islamic Civilization is a subject with great importance, not only concerned with the identity of the Islamic world but also can be an effective factor in establishing it in the time when the Western Civilization beholds nothing equal to itself. But finding ups and downs occurred in the Western Civilization and how important this ups and downs is, are problems that can be a subject for research. Besides, in the discussion of the scientific and social developments in the human history, usually three periods are considered as criterions, that are Hellenic Ages, Middle Ages, and New Age; but this historical division includes mostly the scientific and social history of Europe and the West.
This article discusses scientifically how to consider certain periods for the Islamic Civilization as well as its ups and downs during five great historical changes from various points of view. Two of these five periods studied in this article are the decadence and three of them are the exaltation of the Islamic civilization. Now we are in the third period of exaltation and the fifth step of development of the Islamic civilization. It can be a multilateral critical and comparative look at the history and development of the Islamic Civilization as compared with those of the Western Civilization.
Occidental Studies
IHCS
2383-0581
3
v.
2
no.
2012
129
149
https://occidentstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_695_6be496078b95700ceb03e15271525212.pdf