Occidental Studies

Abstract The present study deals with the matter of human recognition (specifically anthropocentric). Here we examine the term anthropocentric in the transition from modern philosophy to phenomenology. Our attempt here is to do this with a qualitative analysis of the works and first-hand texts of modern philosophical and phenomenological thinkers. This transition can be followed by "recognition of consciousness". With the influence of Bacon and Descartes, Kant began with doubt, and with his transcendence he brought certainty and conciseness, and carried out the plan to humanize science by eliminating man. Hegel makes this certainty with the phenomenology of the soul and his dialectical scheme with the connection of man and soul in the course of history. Husserl, whose name is familiar with phenomenology, tries to establish certain science with the slogan "Return to Things"; But he brought the "lifeworld" to the relativists, and at the end of his life he considered the dream of philosophy as a certain science to be over. Heidegger (transcendental) puts man at the center of the world. Dasein is always present in the world. The present study reinforces human-centered approaches in which human beings have always been and will always be central.

Abstract The Theory of Language Games is the key notion of Ludwig Wittgenstein's latter philosophy. This theory has been crafted against The Picture Theory of Language as the core of Wittgenstein’s Tractarian vision.
      According to The Picture Theory of Language, Language has merely one function: picturing reality. We can grasp the truth of World through grasping the truth of Language. Indeed, this latter theory is a representative of a Modern view of language. On the contrary, according to The Theory of Language Games, Language is a Multidimensional phenomenon; hence, we could never understand it from an Essentialist point of view. Indeed, Language consists of a body of different Language Games: Linguistic Functions. Each of such language games is connected with a special Form of Life. Thus conceived, understanding a language game essentially implies understanding the very Form of Life within which the language game occurs. The Theory of Language Games is a Postmodern Philosophical Standpoint of Language. And, in this article, our main goal is to analyze different aspects of this latter remark.