Occidental Studies

Abstract The final end of this paper is to analyze the concepts of “progress” and “break down” in scientific revolutions and show the existing paradoxes in kuhn’s works about them. We firstly show that some thinkers has assumed human progress, in philosophy of history, the logic of historical research and historiography. Later we show that Kuhn doubt about that and represents the history of science discrete.

Abstract In this paper, I will present philosophical attitudes in Arabian thinkers and different approaches about the relation between tradition and modernity and it’s criticisms on Abed Al Jabery’s view. On his view all of these attitudes suffers from methodological plagues.

Abstract One of the main topics in Dr Davari’s thought is the problem of west and westernization. For him, we can’t accept something from west but reject something another. He believes that westernization is inevitable but what does matter is that we must take seriously its foundations and basis. From this point of view, democracy, liberty and development are noteworthy. He criticizes western democracy not on the ideological basis but with the hope of appearance of spiritual thinking.

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Abstract Historiography of philosophy is intermediate between philosophy and History and Historians of philosophy are inevitably to apply Interdisciplinary approach. Étienne Gilson, contemporary French Neo Thomistic philosopher share substantially contribution in the expansion and development of the Historiography of religious philosophy, especially Christian philosophy. In addition Gilson's philosophical Writings like as Foroughi, Will Durant, Russell and Copleston's Histories of philosophy are the sources of Iranian Occident study and Has Shaped their understanding of Western philosophies. In His various writing Projects methodological Principles of Historiography of philosophy and apply Interdisciplinary Approach to Historiography of philosophy (By keep together philosophy, religion and History Simultaneously). Although claims a version of Objectivity in Reconstruction of History of philosophy, However as Will indicate, Gilson couldn't transit from Thomistic and Eurocentric (Hegelian) assumptions of Historiography.

Abstract Logical positivism was one of the most important school of thought in 20’century. It rooted in traditional empiricism but in recent years some researchers doubt about that and show that there is far distance between them. Here we introduce one of the new interpretations about logical positivism i.e. Friedman’s version. On his view, instead of empirical reading of science, it accepts the necessity of non-empirical a priori principles. He believes that some logical positivists have their own way to assert the principles of logical positivism that is far distinct from traditional empiricism.

Abstract Abstract: the basis of dualism in western philosophy, that flourished in modernity, was built upon the opposition between reason/intuition, heaven/earth, spirit/body, pleasure/morality. Foucault extends the criticism of this dualism to its final station in favor of intuition/earth. This paper will consider Foucault’s thought, his separation from philosophical/political discourse of modernity. Modernity started with humanism, but Foucault regarded the transition to modernity not as a transition to freedom and liberty, but as a transition from an observable domination to an unobservable one and takes all truth claims and general principles special formulation of hegemonic relations and power technologies.