Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
What is the final form of Kant's moral philosophy? is his moral system tough, firm and inflexible as it is famous and does the eighteenth-century German philosopher discard purpose and happiness in the path of his moral behavior? How can we apply Kantian ethics in everyday life? These are some questions formulated in this article and on the basis of Allen Wood's interpretation of Kant's moral system , we will suggest some answers which are very different to the current opinion on Kant's ethics. The precise picture of Kant's ethics must be drawn on the neglected book, entitled Metaphysic of Morals, and the End has an important place in it. In practice, Kant preferred the second formula in which a human being is an end in itself. In contrast with the general opinion, Kant's main solution is not the test of generalizability and the deductions derived from the universal law formula. Similarly , the love for charity and interest in helping others, do not only impede Ethics, but also foster it.
Keywords
منابع و علایم اختصاری آلن‌وود[i]
- (G), Kant Immanuel, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, 1785, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Mary Gregor, 1996, Cambridge
- (KPV) _______________, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft 1788, Critique of practical reason, Mary Gregor, 1996, Cambridge
- (MS) _______________, Metaphysik der Sitten 1797, , Metaphysics of Morals, Mary Gregor, 1996, Cambridge
- (AK) Immanuel Kants Schriften. Ausgabe der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1902
- White Beck, A Commentary on Kant's Critique of practical Reason, Chicago University of Chicago Press
- Ludwig Siep, “Wozu Metaphysik der Sitten?” in O. Höffe (ed.) Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten: ein kooperativer Kommentar, Frankfurt: Klostermann, 1989
- Marcia W. Baron, Kantian Ethics (Almost) Without Apology, Ithaca: Cornell, 1995
منابع شرح
به غیر از سه منبع نخست قبلی که مورد استفاده‌ی مترجمان نیز بوده است، در بخش شرح و توضیح، به این منابع نیز ارجاع داده شد:
- (RB) Kant Immanuel, religion within the boundaries of mere reason, 1793, TR: Allen Wood & George di Giovanni, 1998, Cambridge
- Paton, H. J, Categorical imperative, 1946, oxford
- Robert B. Louden. Applying Kants Ethics The Role of Anthropology, A Companion to Kant, ED: Graham Bird, 2006, Blackwell
- Shelly Kagan, Kantianism for Consequentialists, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. ED: Allen wood, 2002, Yale University Press
- David Cummiskey, Kantian Consequentialism, Ethics, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Apr., 1990). pp. 586-615, The University of Chicago Press
- R. M. Hare, Sorting Out Ethics, 1998, Oxford
- Thomas English Hill, JR, Kant’s Tugendlehre as normative ethics, Kant's Metaphysics of Morals A Critical Guide, ED: Lara Denis, , 2010, Cambridge
- Alasdair Macintyer, A short History of ethics A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century, 2nd Edition, 1998, Routledge
- Jens Timmermann, Why Kant could not have been a utilitarian, Utilitas, Vol. 17 no. 3 (243-264), 2005, Cambridge
- Sally Sedgwick, Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, 2008, Cambridge
[i] . با توجه به فقدان بخشی مستقل برای ذکر منابع، در انتهای متن اصلی مقاله، سعی شد منابع مورد استفاده‌ی آلن وود بر اساس علائم اختصاری مندرج در کتاب مارک تیمنز و همچنین پاورقی‌های خود نویسنده استخراج شود. در ضمن، نویسنده در ابتدای مقاله تذکر می‌دهد که ترجمه‌ی انگلیسی آثار کانت از خود وی است؛ لذا درخصوص ترجمه‌ی انگلیسی آثار اصلی کانت به ترجمه‌ی مجموعه‌ی کمبریج اشاره شد که ذیل نظر آلن وود است.
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