Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant professor of political science of institute of iranian histoy and culture

Abstract

Philosophical anthropology with reflection on human nature is one of the special fields of interest of Max Scheler. Influenced by idealism, philosophy of life, and Christianity, his phenomenological approach seeks to provide a comprehensive picture of man. To this end, Scheler pays attention to the real and experiential aspects of man along with his spiritual values ​​and by acknowledging their independence from each other and at the same time their interaction and connection. Influenced by the crisis of his time, Max Scheler, on the one hand, turned his attention to the neglected aspects of man, including emotions and feelings, especially love and hate, and on the other hand, while trying to provide a certain knowledge about man by avoiding essentialism, related matters. Examines human beings from a phenomenological point of view and based on how they are manifested. At the same time, while having philosophical affiliations, he also pays special attention to concrete and real human issues based on sociological concerns. Moreover, Scheler places great value on human diagnosis and of course he argues that man cannot be identified objectively and should only be approached on the basis of a phenomenological approach.

Keywords

منابع
-جمادی، سیاوش (1395) زمینه و زمانه پدیدارشناسی: جستاری در زندگی و اندیشه­های هوسرل و هایدگر، چاپ پنجم، تهران: ققنوس؛
-ذاکرزاده، ابوالقاسم(1387) فلسفه ماکس شلر(منطق دل)، تهران: الهام؛
-ماندلباوم، موریس (1392) پدیدارشناسی تجربه اخلاقی، ترجمه مریم خدادادی، تهران: ققنوس؛
-Berger, L. Peter and Luckmann, Thomas (1991) The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge, London: Penguin Books;
-Blosser, Philip (2002) Max Scheler: A Sketch of his Moral Philosophy, in: Phenomenological Approaches to Moral Philosophy, Edi. By John Drummond and Lester Embree, Springer Science + Business Media, BV.;
-Bordo, Susan (1987) The Flight to Objectivity: Essays on Cartesianism and Culture, Albany: State University of New York;
-Buber, Martin (1945) The Philosophical Anthropology of Max Scheler, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol.6, No.2, Dec.;

-Byrne, Patrick H. (2009) Which Scale of Value Preference? Lonergan, Scheler, von Hildebrand, and Doran, in: Meaning and History in Systematic Theology: Essays in Honor of Robert M. Doran, SJ, Edi. By John D. Dadosky, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press;

-Crosby, John F. (1998) The Individuality of Human Persons: A Study in the Ethical Personalism of Max Scheler, The Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 52, No.1, Sep. PP.21-50;

-Darowski, Roman (2014) Philosophical Anthropology: Outline of Fundamental Problems, Trans. By Lukasz Darowski, Cracow: The Ignatianum Jesuit University in Cracow, Publishing House WAM;

-Deleuze, Gilles (2002) Nietzsche and Philosophy, Trans. By Hugh Tomlinson, London: Continuum;
-Elgat, Guy (2017) Nietzsche ‘s Psychology of  Ressentiment: Revenge and Justice in On the Genealogy of Morals, New York: Routledge;
-Frings, Manfred S. (2003) LifeTime: Max Scheler ‘s Philosophy of Time a First Inquiry and Presentation, Springer Science + Business Media, BV.;
-Glazinski, Rolf (2018) The Role of Emotions in Psychiatric Diagnosis: Max Scheler ‘s Philosophy of Feelings as a Constituent Part of Kurt Schneider ‘s Theory of Psychopathology, Trans. By Chris Charlesworth, Norderstedt Herstellung und Verlag, BoD-Books on Demand;
-Luther, Arthur R. (1974) The Articulated Unity of Being in Scheler ‘s Phenomenology Basic Drive and Spirit, in: Max Scheler (1874-1928) Centennial Essays, Edi. By Manfred S. Frings, The Hague: Martinus Hijhof;
-McCune, Timothy j. (2014) The Solidarity of Life: Max Scheler on Modernity and Harmony with Nature, Ethics and Environment, Vol.19, No.1, Spring;
-Merriam-Webster (2020) Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/ ressentiment, 15 November;
-Nietzsche, Friedrich (2008) On the Genealogy of Morality, Trans. By Carol Diethe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
-Nietzsche, Friedrich (2009) Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, Trans. By Ian Johnston, Arlington: Richer Resources Publications;
-Pappe, H.O. (1972) Philosophical Anthropology, in: The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol.6, Edi. By Paul Edwards, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co;
-Scheler, Max (1973) Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, A New Attempt Toward the Foundation of an Ethical Personalism, Trans. By Manfred S. Frings and Roger L. Funk, Evanston: Northwestern University Press;
-Scheler, Max (1980) Selected Philosophical Essays, Trans. By David R.Lachterman, Northwestern University Press;

-Scheler, Max (2007) Ressentiment, Trans. By Lewis B. Coser and William W. Holdheim, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press;

-Scheler, Max (2008) The Nature of Sympathy, Abingdon: Routledge;

-Scheler, Max (2009) The Human Place in the Cosmos, Trans. By Manfred S. Frings, Evanston: Northwestern University Press;

-Scheler, Max (2013) Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge, Trans. By Manfred S. Frings, Abingdon: Routledge;
-Schneck, Stephen Frederick (1987) Person and Polis: Max Scheler’s Personalism as Political Theory, Albany: State University of New York Press;
-Stegmüller, Wolfgang (1969) Main Currents in Contemporary German, British and American Philosophy, Trans. By Albert E. Blumberg, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company;
-Vack, Edward (1982) Scheler‘s Phenomenology of Love, The Journal of Religion, Vol. 62, No. 2, Apr., PP.156-157;
-Vandenberghe, Frederic (2008) Sociology of the Heart: Max Scheler’s Epistemology of Love, Theory, Culture and Society, May, Vol. 25(3) PP.17-51;