Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 MA Student of philosophy in Imam khomeini university of Qazvin Ikiu.
2 Phd in political science in Tehran University
Abstract
Abstract
in modern times, two fundamental crises have raised the need to pay attention to laws. The first crisis was the "religious and civil wars" in Europe, and the second crisis was the "tyranny and oppression" of political systems. Montesquieu was one of the thinkers who pondered those crises and offered a solution to correct them. He can be considered the most prolific thinker who, by a Copernican revolution in political philosophy and law, set out to formulate the conceptual foundations of the separation of powers in accordance based on the English Constitution. Montesquieu was a moderate and conservative writer who influenced the Enlightenment, the Founding Fathers, and the authors of the Federalist Papers, one of the most important classical work of American political philosophy. The Federalist Papers were influenced by Montesquieu. Accordingly, the present article seeks to show the impact of Montesquieu's teachings on the thought of the authors of the Federalist Papers on how the rule of law was established in the first democratic republic in modern times. Such an understanding helps us to gain a more accurate understanding of the importance of this influence in modern times.
Keywords: Montesquieu, Federalist Papers, Rule of Law, Freedom, Democracy, Republic
Keywords
منابع
- پازارگاد، بهاءالدین. (1382). تاریخ فلسفه سیاسی، جلد دوم، تهران، نشر زوار.
- توکویل، اَلکسی دو. ( [1347] 1396). تحلیل دموکراسی در امریکا، مترجم، رحمت الله مقدم مراغهای، تهران. نشر علمی و فرهنگی.
- زکریا، فرید. (1390). آیندهی آزادی؛ اولویت لیبرالیسم بر دموکراسی. مترجم، امیرحسین نوروزی. تهران، طرح نو.
- مقیمی، سعید. (1386). «تأثیر مؤلفههای فلسفی عصر روشن یابی بر الگوهای قدرت سیاسی (مطالعه موردی آرای منتسکیو)»، فصلنامه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد کرج، تابستان 1386، شماره 6، صص 103 - 124.
- منتسکیو، شارل دو. (1395). روحالقوانین، مترجم، علی اکبر مهتدی، چاپ چهاردهم، تهران، نشر امیرکبیر
- Arendt, Hannah. (1963). On Revolution. The Viking Press, Published by the Penguin Group
- Bok, Hilary. (2014). “Montesquieu”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed), URL= https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/
- Bristow, William. (2017). “Enlightenment”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed), URL= https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/enlightenment/
- Desmond, William. (2011). Philosopher-king of antiquity. Continuum international publishing group
- Diamond, Martin. (1987). “The Federalist”. In L. Strauss & J. Cropsey (Ed). History of Political Philosophy, Third Edition. (pp. 659-679). The university of Chicago press
- Hamilton, Alexander. (2008). “The Federalist, 9”. In L. . Goldman (Ed), The Federalist Papers (pp. 44-48). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1787).
- Lutz, Donald S. (1984). “The Relative Influence of European Writers on Late eighteenth century American Political thought”. The American Political Science Review, vol. 78. No, 1. pp. 189-197
- Madison, James. (2008). “The Federalist, No. 10, 47, 51”. In L. Goldman (Ed), The Federalist Papers (pp. 48-55, 239-245, 256-260). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1787)
- Mansfield, Harvey C, (2010). Tocqueville, A Very Short Introduction, Oxford university press
- Mill, John Stuart., (]1861[ 2008), Considerations on Representative Government, Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1991
- Montesquieu, Charles De. (1989(. The Spirit of Laws, Cambridge University Press
- Nozick, Robert. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford, Blackwell
- Peacock, Anthony A. (2010). How to read the Federalist papers. The Heritage Foundation
- Rahe, Paul Anthony. (2009). Introduction in Soft despotism, democracy’s drift: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville, and the modern prospect. The Library of Congress, Printed in the United States of America.
- Shapiro, Ian. (2003). The Moral Foundations of Politics, Yale University press
- Shapiro, Ian. (2010). Democracy and Majority Rule. I. https://oyc.yale.edu/political-science/plsc-118/lecture-22
- Shapiro, Ian. (2011). The real world of democratic theory, Princeton University Press
- Shklar, Judith N. (1987). Montesquieu. Oxford University Press
- Smith, Steven B. (2006). Democratic Statecraft: Tocqueville, Democracy in America ]Video.[. videoshare. https://oyc.yale.edu/political-science/plsc-114/lecture-22
- Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2004). On the Rule of Law (History, Politics, Theory), University of Birmingham
- Tocqueville, Alexi De. )2002). Democracy in America. H C. Mansfield & D Winthrop. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Villa, Dana Richard, (2017). Teachers of the People: political education in rousseau, Hegel, Tocqueville, and Mill, The University of Chicago Press,
- Waldron, Jeremy. (2016). “The Rule Of Law”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed), URL= https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rule-of-law/
- Wolff, Jonathan. (2006). An Introduction to political philosophy. Oxford university press
- Yong, D. (1978). “The Review of Politics”, Cambridge University Press. Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 392-405
)