نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه
چکیده
شناخت چگونگی قوام‌یافتن تدریجی علم تربیتی مدرن در طول تاریخ فرهنگی و اجتماعی جهان مدرن، نقش مهمی در فهم بنیادین ماهیت این علم، ذهنیت‌ها، مضامین و کلان‌ایده‌های حاکم بر آن و میراثی که اکنون از آن به جا مانده، دارد. پژوهش حاضر به هدف بررسی این چگونگی، در پژوهشی تاریخی-تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از برخی منابع تاریخی دست اول و دست دوم درباره‌ی تاریخ علوم تربیتی و آموزش و پرورش مدرن در مناطق و کشورها و ادوار تاریخی مختلف، به واکاوی مهم‌ترین بسترهای شکل‌گیری و تحوّل و توسعه‌ی علم تربیتی مدرن پرداخته است. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، شش زمینه‌ی فرهنگی و اجتماعی شامل «ضرورت یافتن تربیت نسل جدید برای جامعه‌ی جدید و عدم صلاحیت نهادهای سنتی برای ایفای این نقش»، «آموزشی‌سازی مسائل اجتماعی»، «کشف دوره‌ی کودکی و اهمیت یافتن مطالعه‌ی آن»، «روانشناسی‌گرایی»، «پیدایش و تحول مدارس و مراکز تربیت معلم» و «پیدایش حرفه‌ی معلمی و حرفه‌ای سازی مشاغل مرتبط با آموزش و پرورش» به عنوان مهم‌ترین ذهنیت‌ها یا پدیده‌های اثرگذار در ساخت معنا و ماهیت علم تربیتی مدرن شناسایی گشته و به تفصیل، گزارش و تحلیل شده‌‌اند.
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